Thermal cycling theory

Thermal cycling theory describes how repeated temperature fluctuations cause materials, especially metals, to expand and contract over time. These ongoing changes generate internal stresses and tiny cracks within the material, gradually weakening its structure. This process explains failures in components exposed to regular temperature variations, such as engine parts or electronic devices. Understanding these effects helps engineers design more durable materials and structures that can withstand the stresses caused by thermal cycling, ultimately improving safety, longevity, and performance.