Theory of the Friend-Enemy Distinction

The Theory of the Friend-Enemy Distinction suggests that human societies naturally categorize others as either friends or enemies, based on perceived shared interests, values, or bonds. This division helps organize group loyalty and cooperation, guiding how individuals behave toward others—trusting friends and distrusting enemies. It influences political, social, and even personal relationships, often leading to strong in-group cohesion and out-group suspicion. While it simplifies complex social dynamics, this distinction plays a fundamental role in shaping community identity and conflict resolution by defining who is considered allies versus threats.