Theory of Numbers

Number theory is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties and relationships of whole numbers, especially integers. It explores questions about divisibility, prime numbers, and patterns within numbers, helping us understand the fundamental building blocks of mathematics. For example, it examines how numbers can be factored into primes, how primes are distributed, and solves problems related to divisibility and congruences. Its insights underpin many areas, including cryptography and computer science, making it essential for both theoretical exploration and practical applications.