Theory of Moral Sentiments

The Theory of Moral Sentiments, developed by Adam Smith, suggests that our sense of right and wrong comes from an innate capacity for empathy—imagine feeling what others feel. We judge actions by imagining how they affect others, and we seek approval or avoid disapproval from our "impartial spectator," an internal voice representing fairness. This process helps us develop morality by balancing our own interests with concern for others, guiding us to behave ethically through feelings of sympathy and the desire for social harmony.