Theory of Justice (Rawls)

John Rawls' Theory of Justice proposes that a fair society is one in which policies are chosen from an original position behind a "veil of ignorance," where people do not know their social status, talents, or preferences. This ensures rules are fair and just for everyone, especially the least advantaged. Rawls emphasizes two principles: equal basic rights for all and social and economic inequalities arranged to benefit the least well-off. His approach aims to create a system that is just, equitable, and fair, prioritizing fairness over individual advantage.