theory of falsifiability

Falsifiability is the idea that a scientific or logical claim must be able to be tested in a way that could prove it wrong. It means a hypothesis should make specific predictions that, if not observed, would show the idea is false. This quality helps distinguish scientific ideas from beliefs or theories that can't be tested or disproven. For example, saying “All swans are white” is falsifiable because discovering a black swan would disprove it. Falsifiability ensures that theories are testable, open to challenge, and can be refined or rejected based on evidence.