theory of elasticity

The theory of elasticity explains how materials deform when forces are applied and return to their original shape when those forces are removed. It describes the relationship between stress (force per area) and strain (deformation) within the material's elastic limit—meaning it won't be permanently deformed. This theory helps engineers predict how objects like bridges, aircraft, and buildings will respond under various loads, ensuring safety and durability. Essentially, it provides a scientific understanding of how and when materials stretch, compress, or bend without breaking.