Theory-laden Observation

Theory-laden observation is the idea that our observations are influenced by our existing beliefs, knowledge, and expectations. This means that what we notice or interpret in the world is shaped by the theories or assumptions we hold. For example, a scientist looking at data through the lens of a particular hypothesis may see patterns that fit their beliefs, rather than objective facts independent of those beliefs. This concept highlights that our understanding is influenced by prior ideas, making observations not entirely neutral or purely objective.