Theories of Trauma

Theories of trauma explore how distressing experiences affect the mind and body. They suggest trauma results from overwhelming events that surpass a person’s ability to cope, causing lasting emotional, cognitive, and physiological changes. Some theories focus on the biological response, like heightened stress hormones and brain changes. Others emphasize psychological aspects, such as disrupted memories or beliefs about safety. Trauma theories also consider how individual factors—such as resilience and support systems—influence recovery. Overall, they help explain why traumatic experiences can have long-term effects and inform effective treatment approaches.