Theories of Gender Performativity

Theories of gender performativity, notably proposed by philosopher Judith Butler, suggest that gender isn’t something we are born with or inherently possess. Instead, it is created through our repeated actions, behaviors, and expressions—like how we dress, speak, and behave. These actions, performed over time, shape and reinforce our gender identity as either male, female, or another gender. Essentially, gender is a continual performance—a set of behaviors we do to align with societal expectations—rather than an innate trait. This view highlights that gender is flexible and socially constructed, emphasizing the power of actions in shaping identity.