Theoretical concepts in integrated optics

Integrated optics involves creating tiny optical devices on a chip, similar to how electronic circuits are built on computer chips. It uses materials that guide light—like tiny waveguides—to perform functions such as filtering, switching, or sensing. These components enable compact, efficient systems for telecommunications, data processing, and sensors. The key idea is controlling light precisely within small spaces, allowing for faster and more reliable information transmission and processing compared to traditional bulky optics. It combines principles of physics and engineering to integrate multiple optical functions seamlessly onto a single platform.