The Vertebrate Heart

The vertebrate heart is a muscular organ that pumps blood throughout the body, delivering oxygen and nutrients to tissues and removing waste. It typically has four chambers: two atria that receive blood and two ventricles that pump it out. In many vertebrates, like humans, the heart maintains a steady, coordinated rhythm, ensuring continuous blood flow. It works through electrical signals that trigger each heartbeat, and its structure and function can vary across different species. Overall, the heart is essential for maintaining life by supporting the circulatory system and ensuring all body parts receive the necessary substances to function properly.