The vertebrate fossil record

The vertebrate fossil record documents the ages and diversity of animals with backbones, like fish, reptiles, birds, and mammals, over millions of years. It reveals how these animals evolved, adapted, and went extinct. Fossils—from bones and teeth to impressions—are discovered in sedimentary rocks, allowing scientists to piece together evolutionary history. While gaps exist due to incomplete preservation, the record shows major events like mass extinctions and the rise of new groups. Overall, it provides a chronological narrative of vertebrate life, helping us understand how current species are connected to their ancient ancestors.