the Van der Waals equation

The Van der Waals equation is a modified version of the ideal gas law that describes the behavior of real gases more accurately. It accounts for the volume occupied by gas molecules and the attractive forces between them. In essence, it adjusts the pressure and volume calculations to reflect that molecules are not point particles and do attract each other, especially under high pressure or low temperature. This helps predict how gases behave under different conditions more precisely, such as liquefying or condensing into liquids.