The United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea (Hamburg Rules)

The United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, commonly known as the Hamburg Rules, is an international agreement that governs the transportation of goods by sea. Adopted in 1978, it aims to provide clearer rules for shipping companies and cargo owners, ensuring better protection for goods during transit. The Hamburg Rules establish the rights and responsibilities of both parties, including liability for loss or damage to cargo. They enhance shippers' rights compared to earlier conventions, offering a more balanced approach to maritime shipping and facilitating international trade.