The Turok model

The Turok model describes how a universe can undergo a "cyclic" process, expanding and contracting repeatedly rather than starting from a single Big Bang. It proposes that the universe transitions through these phases without reaching a true beginning or end, suggesting a perpetual sequence of cosmic cycles. This concept aims to address questions about the origins of the universe and its long-term future by removing the notion of a singular starting point, offering an alternative view to conventional Big Bang theory with a continuous, dynamic universe.