"The Three Faces of Fascism"

"The Three Faces of Fascism" is a book by Umberto Eco that explores the core elements common to fascist movements. Eco identifies three main aspects: first, the **Hierarchical** face, emphasizing authoritarian leadership and strict social order; second, the **Official** face, involving propagandistic rituals, symbols, and a focus on national pride; and third, the **Mythical** face, which constructs collective myths and enemy images to unify followers. These faces are interconnected, helping fascist movements exude power, manipulate perceptions, and foster group identity through a mix of authority, symbolism, and shared myths.