The Theory of Justice (John Rawls)

John Rawls' Theory of Justice proposes that a fair society is one where principles of justice are established behind a "veil of ignorance." This means that individuals, when designing society's rules, should do so without knowing their own social status or personal circumstances. This encourages the creation of laws that are fair and equitable to all, as no one would favor rules that disadvantage them based on their random position in society. Rawls emphasizes two key principles: equal basic rights for everyone and social and economic inequalities should benefit the least advantaged.