The Theory of Justice by John Rawls

John Rawls' Theory of Justice suggests that fairness is key to a just society. He proposes that principles of justice should be chosen by individuals behind a "veil of ignorance," where they don’t know their social status, wealth, or abilities. Under this condition, they would select rules that ensure fairness and protect everyone’s rights, especially the least advantaged. Rawls advocates for equal basic rights and opportunities, along with social and economic inequalities only if they benefit the worst-off. His theory emphasizes fairness, equality, and moral reasoning in designing just social institutions.