the subaltern

The subaltern refers to groups or individuals who occupy lower social, political, or economic positions and have limited power or influence within a society. Originating from military terminology meaning "under the rank of officer," the concept has been used in cultural and postcolonial studies to describe marginalized communities, such as the poor, colonized peoples, or oppressed groups. Subalterns often face systemic barriers that restrict their voices and agency, making their perspectives less visible in mainstream discourse. Understanding the subaltern involves recognizing how power dynamics shape social hierarchies and influence whose stories are heard and validated.