the study of organism-environment interactions

The study of organism-environment interactions examines how living things (organisms) respond to and influence their surroundings. It explores how animals, plants, and microbes adapt to factors like climate, nutrients, and other species. This field helps us understand the balance between organisms and their habitats, how they survive and evolve together, and how changes in the environment—such as pollution or climate shifts—impact ecosystems. It combines biology, ecology, and environmental science to provide insights into maintaining healthy ecosystems and addressing environmental challenges.