the Studio System

The Studio System was a dominant method of film production in Hollywood from the 1920s to the 1950s. Major studios controlled all aspects of filmmaking—producing, distributing, and exhibiting movies—through vertical integration. They employed individualized contracts with actors, directors, and writers, creating stable, efficient production pipelines. This system allowed studios to produce a large volume of films with consistent branding and quality. It also fostered star power and tightly managed creative control. Although it declined due to antitrust laws and industry changes, the Studio System profoundly shaped Hollywood's structure and film industry practices.