"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" (Thomas S. Kuhn)

"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions" by Thomas Kuhn explains how science progresses not just through steady accumulation of facts, but via revolutionary shifts. Normal science operates within a framework called a paradigm—shared beliefs and methods. Over time, anomalies (unexpected results) emerge that challenge the paradigm. When enough anomalies accumulate, a scientific revolution occurs, leading to the adoption of a new paradigm. This shift changes how scientists understand their world, much like a scientific "lens" being replaced. Kuhn’s work highlights that scientific progress is non-linear and influenced by changes in perspective, not just incremental data collection.