The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (by Thomas S. Kuhn)

*The Structure of Scientific Revolutions* by Thomas Kuhn explains how science advances not just through steady accumulation of knowledge, but via periodic, disruptive shifts called "paradigm shifts." A paradigm is a widely accepted scientific framework or set of assumptions. Over time, anomalies—observations that don’t fit the paradigm—build up. When these become overwhelming, scientists seek a new paradigm that better explains the data, leading to a scientific revolution. This process fundamentally changes how we understand the world, illustrating that scientific progress is not always linear but often involves radical rethinking of foundational ideas.