The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (by Thomas Kuhn)

*The Structure of Scientific Revolutions* by Thomas Kuhn argues that science advances through periodic paradigm shifts rather than just gradual accumulation of knowledge. A "paradigm" is the accepted framework or set of beliefs guiding research. Over time, anomalies (data that don’t fit the current paradigm) accumulate, leading to a scientific crisis. Eventually, a new paradigm replaces the old—this is a revolution—changing how scientists interpret evidence and understand the world. Kuhn emphasizes that these shifts are not purely logical but involve social and cultural factors, transforming scientific thinking in significant, non-linear ways.