The Stratigraphical Record

The stratigraphical record refers to the layers of rocks and sediments that accumulate over time, preserving evidence of Earth's history. These layers, called strata, form through processes like sediment deposition, volcanic activity, or erosion. By studying their sequence, composition, and fossils contained within, scientists can interpret past environments, climate changes, and major events like mass extinctions. The principle of superposition states that the oldest layers are at the bottom, with newer layers deposited on top. This record provides a chronological framework for understanding Earth's geological and biological evolution over millions of years.