The Shapley Value for Characteristic Functions

The Shapley Value is a method used to fairly assign a total payoff among different players or contributors based on their individual contributions. It considers all possible ways players can join a team and measures how much each one increases the team's value when they join. By averaging these marginal contributions, the Shapley Value provides a fair distribution of the total reward, ensuring each participant is recognized for their true impact within the group. It’s a way to allocate gains that accounts for cooperation and the varying importance of each contributor.