The Shang Dynasty

The Shang Dynasty (c. 1600–1046 BCE) was one of China’s earliest known dynasties, famous for its advances in metallurgy, especially bronze, and its development of a writing system. Centered in the Yellow River Valley, it is notable for its complex social structure, including a ruling class of kings and nobles, and a wealthy economy based on agriculture and trade. The dynasty is also known for its use of oracle bones for divination and ancestor worship, reflecting a rich spiritual life. The Shang laid the foundation for subsequent Chinese civilization and influenced culture, politics, and technology for centuries.