The Second Sex (by Simone de Beauvoir)

"The Second Sex" by Simone de Beauvoir is a foundational feminist text that examines how societal norms and cultural beliefs have historically defined women as the "second" gender—less complete or autonomous than men. Beauvoir argues that women's perceived differences and roles are socially constructed rather than natural, shaping their experiences and opportunities. She explores how this interpretation has contributed to women's oppression and calls for women to gain independence through self-awareness, education, and equal rights. The book encourages understanding gender as a complex social identity, advocating for liberation from limiting stereotypes and emphasizing individual freedom.