The Second Discourse (Discours sur l'origine et les fondements de l'inégalité parmi les hommes)

The Second Discourse, written by Jean-Jacques Rousseau, examines how humans transitioned from a natural state of equality and freedom to a society with inequalities and dependence. Rousseau argues that civilization and property led to social hierarchies, corruption, and loss of genuine freedom. He explores how societal institutions shape human behavior and how inequality is not natural but created by social developments. Ultimately, Rousseau questions whether true freedom can exist within organized society and calls for a reflection on how to restore equality and authentic human connection.