The Scottish Declaration of Arbroath

The Scottish Declaration of Arbroath, written in 1320, is a passionate letter from Scottish nobles asserting Scotland’s right to independence from England. It emphasizes Scotland’s history of self-governance, national identity, and the desire to remain free. The declaration argues that a ruler’s legitimacy comes from the consent of the people, and warns that surrendering independence would betray Scottish values and heritage. It is seen as one of the earliest expressions of national sovereignty and has inspired movements for Scottish independence ever since.