The Science of Bacteria

Bacteria are tiny, single-celled organisms found everywhere—soil, water, and inside living beings. They are highly adaptable, with some beneficial roles like aiding digestion and producing antibiotics, while others can cause diseases. Bacteria reproduce rapidly through a process called binary fission, where one cell splits into two. They have simple structures but are surprisingly complex in function, including mechanisms to survive harsh environments. Their ability to exchange genetic material allows for rapid evolution, including the development of antibiotic resistance. Understanding bacteria helps us harness their benefits and manage their risks in health, industry, and the environment.