The SAM model (Self-Assessment Manikin)

The SAM (Self-Assessment Manikin) is a visual tool used to measure how people feel emotionally in response to a stimulus, like an image or a situation. It asks individuals to rate their feelings based on three aspects: valence (pleasure or displeasure), arousal (intensity of emotion), and dominance (sense of control). Instead of words, it uses simple cartoon-like figures or icons to represent these feelings, allowing people to quickly and intuitively express their emotional response. This method provides a standardized way to assess emotional reactions across different individuals.