The Roman History

Roman history spans over a thousand years, beginning as a small city-state in Italy around 753 BCE. It grew into a powerful empire, controlling much of Europe, North Africa, and the Middle East through military conquest, alliances, and administration. The Roman Republic was characterized by elected leaders and shared power, while the later Roman Empire was ruled by emperors. Key moments include the expansion under Julius Caesar, the establishment of Roman law, and the eventual division into Western and Eastern halves. Rome's achievements—in law, engineering, and governance—have profoundly influenced Western civilization, with its legacy enduring today.