The Riemann Hypothesis

The Riemann Hypothesis is a famous unsolved problem in mathematics that concerns the distribution of prime numbers—those divisible only by 1 and themselves. It involves a complex function called the Riemann zeta function, which encodes information about primes. The hypothesis states that all the "non-trivial zeros" (special points where this function equals zero) lie along a specific vertical line in the complex plane, known as the critical line. Confirming this would deepen our understanding of how primes are spaced, with far-reaching implications in number theory, cryptography, and mathematical research.