The Qin state

The Qin state was an ancient Chinese polity that emerged around the 9th century BCE and eventually unified China in 221 BCE under the first emperor, Qin Shi Huang. Known for its strong central government, legalist philosophy, and military strength, Qin implemented reforms to standardize weights, writing, and currency, facilitating control and cohesion. Its aggressive conquest tactics and administrative innovations laid the groundwork for a unified Chinese empire, influencing subsequent Chinese history and governance.