The Ptolemaic Dynasty

The Ptolemaic Dynasty was a line of Greek rulers who governed Egypt from 305 to 30 BCE, following the conquests of Alexander the Great. Founded by Ptolemy I, one of Alexander’s generals, the dynasty blended Greek and Egyptian cultures. The Ptolemies built Alexandria into a major center of learning and commerce, overseeing advancements in science, arts, and architecture. Their reign saw significant political intrigue, including struggles for power and alliances with Rome. The dynasty ended when Cleopatra VII, the last Ptolemaic ruler, was defeated by Rome, marking the end of ancient Egyptian independence and the beginning of Roman Egypt.