The problem of underdetermination

Underdetermination is a philosophical issue where available evidence or data doesn't conclusively support one single explanation or theory. This means multiple, conflicting ideas can fit the same evidence equally well, making it difficult to determine which is correct. For example, two different scientific hypotheses might both explain an observed phenomenon equally well, but without additional information, we can't say which one is true. It highlights the challenge of making definitive conclusions when evidence isn't sufficient to rule out all but one possible explanation.