"the problem of free riding"

The "problem of free riding" occurs when individuals or groups benefit from a resource, service, or public good without contributing to its cost or maintenance. Because they can enjoy the benefits without paying, they have little incentive to contribute, which can lead to underfunding or under-provision of those resources. For example, if some people enjoy a public park without helping to clean or maintain it, the park could eventually decline. This issue challenges the sustainability of shared resources and often requires mechanisms—like taxes or rules—to encourage fair participation and contributions.