"The Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of 3 May 1791"

The Polish-Lithuanian Constitution of May 3, 1791, was a groundbreaking reform that aimed to modernize and strengthen the political system of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It established principles of sovereignty, civil rights, and the rule of law, reducing the influence of the monarchy and liberum veto—a parliamentary rule that allowed one member to block decisions. The constitution sought to promote equality among citizens, end noble privileges, and create a more efficient government. It was one of Europe's first modern constitutions, reflecting Enlightenment ideas and an effort to preserve the independence of the Commonwealth amid external threats.