The Pigeonhole Principle

The Pigeonhole Principle states that if you have more items than containers to hold them, at least one container must hold more than one item. For example, if 10 pigeons are placed into 9 pigeonholes, at least one hole will contain at least two pigeons. This principle is a simple way to understand that when distributing items into fewer groups, overlaps or repetitions are unavoidable. It applies broadly in mathematics and computer science to prove that certain outcomes or arrangements are inevitable when the number of objects exceeds the number of categories.