The Physics of Nuclear Reactors

Nuclear reactors generate energy through controlled nuclear fission, where heavy atoms like uranium split into smaller fragments, releasing a significant amount of heat. This heat warms water (or other coolants), producing steam that drives turbines to generate electricity. The process is carefully managed using control rods that absorb neutrons, regulating the reaction’s pace. Containment structures ensure safety by containing radiation and preventing leaks. Overall, nuclear reactors provide a powerful, low-carbon energy source by harnessing atomic reactions under strict safety protocols.