The Opponent Process Theory

The Opponent Process Theory explains how our emotions and sensations are regulated through pairs of opposing responses. When one response is activated, its opposite is suppressed. For example, experiencing a thrill (like riding a roller coaster) initially causes excitement, but afterward, the opposite feeling—relief or calm—follows as the body counteracts the heightened arousal. This theory also applies to addiction, where the initial pleasurable effect is followed by a withdrawal response. Overall, it suggests our emotional and physiological reactions are balanced through these dynamic, opposing processes.