The Olmec civilization

The Olmec civilization, flourishing around 1200–400 BCE in what is now Mexico, is considered the "mother culture" of Mesoamerica. Known for creating large stone heads and developing early ritual practices, they laid the groundwork for later civilizations like the Maya and Aztecs. The Olmecs established complex society structures, engaged in agriculture, trade, and religion, and produced impressive artistic achievements. Their innovations influenced regional culture, politics, and religion, shaping the development of ancient Mesoamerican societies.