The Neurobiology of Stress

The neurobiology of stress involves the brain's response to perceived challenges or threats. When stressed, the hypothalamus activates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, prompting the release of cortisol, a hormone that helps mobilize energy. The amygdala detects danger and signals the stress response, while the prefrontal cortex helps regulate it. Prolonged stress can disrupt these systems, affecting mood, memory, and overall health. Understanding this process reveals how ongoing stress impacts brain function and emphasizes the importance of managing stress for well-being.