The Nernst Equation

The Nernst Equation describes how the electrical potential of a cell or sensor depends on the concentration of ions involved in a chemical reaction. Essentially, it predicts the voltage generated when ions move across a membrane or interface, based on their concentration difference. When there is a higher concentration of ions on one side, the potential adjusts to balance this difference, allowing us to understand and measure ion activity. This equation is fundamental in electrochemistry, helping us interpret signals in batteries, biological systems, and sensors by linking ion concentrations to electrical voltage.