the Mises criterion

The Mises criterion is a principle used in material science and engineering that predicts when a ductile material, like metal, will start to deform permanently under stress. It states that failure occurs when the combined effects of different types of stresses—like stretching and squeezing—reach a specific critical level. Essentially, it treats the material's strength as a combination of shear and normal stresses and identifies the point where the material's internal structure will begin to yield or break. This helps engineers design safer structures by understanding how materials behave under complex loading conditions.