The Maxwell Garnett Theory

The Maxwell Garnett Theory describes how a composite material's overall electrical or optical properties depend on the properties and proportions of its individual components, typically a matrix with embedded inclusions like particles. It assumes these inclusions are small and sparsely distributed, and calculates how they influence the material's behavior as a weighted average. This theory is often used to predict the effective dielectric constant or refractive index of materials like composites or coated particles, helping in designing materials with desired optical or electromagnetic characteristics based on their microstructure.