The Law of the Sea: A Historical Perspective

The Law of the Sea is a set of international rules that govern how countries use the oceans, which are vital for trade, resources, and environmental protection. Historically, countries claimed vast areas of the ocean, leading to conflicts. Over time, treaties like the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea established clear boundaries—such as exclusive economic zones (EEZs) extending 200 miles from coastlines—and rights for navigation and resource use. This legal framework promotes cooperation, reduces disputes, and balances national interests with global ocean stewardship.