The Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) Model

The Lambda Cold Dark Matter (ΛCDM) model is the leading scientific framework explaining the universe's structure and evolution. It proposes that the universe is composed mainly of dark energy (Lambda, Λ) causing accelerated expansion, cold dark matter (CDM) that forms the unseen mass building galaxies, and ordinary matter. This model accounts for cosmic microwave background observations, galaxy distribution, and universe's expansion rate, providing a comprehensive picture of how the universe started, evolved, and continues to grow. Overall, ΛCDM combines these components to explain both large-scale structure and cosmic history accurately.